Closeup
Closeups are used to show something in detail
Extreme Closeup
Extreme Closeups are used for more detail than a closeup
Extreme Wideshot
Extreme wideshots are used to show setting like where people are thats larger than normal wideshot
Over the shoulder
Allows the viewer to see whats happening from the shoulder's point of view
Medium shot
Medium shots are ideal for two characters talking as its a middle ground between widest and closeup.
Wideshot
Wide shots are used to show a large area of the scene but not as large as extreme wideshots